Prometheus告警大屏

发表于 分类于 阅读次数： 阅读时长 ≈ 8 分钟

前言

众所周知，prometheus结合alertmanager可将告警信息通过邮件、短信、微信、webhook或者其他方式通知到运维人员，大部分监控系统也都是采用这种告警通知方式。

这里介绍另外一种告警通知方式——告警大屏，对于有24*7值班人员的企业，这种方式反而更实用。

在办公室显眼的地方放一个显示器，显示告警大屏。值班人员实时关注告警大屏，发生故障时再第一时间通知到运维人员处理。

部署

假设已经部署好prometheus、alertmanager以及grafana环境。

Prometheus的告警规则

Prometheus的告警规则里，需要定义告警级别标签。

如下系统负载超标定义为普通警告（severity: warning），根分区使用率大于90%为严重警告（severity: critical）

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- name: system_load.rules
  rules:
  - alert: 系统负载超标
    expr: node_load1/count without (cpu, mode) (node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="system"})>1.1
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 系统负载超标
      description: '{{$labels.instance}} 当前负载超标率 {{printf "%.2f" $value}}'

- name: partion_used.rules
  rules:
  - alert: 分区使用率大于90%
    expr: ceil(100 - ((node_filesystem_avail_bytes{fstype != "rootfs"} * 100) / node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype != "rootfs"}))>90
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 分区空间紧张"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}} {{$labels.mountpoint}}分区空间使用率 {{$value}}%"

grafana安装prometheus-alertmanager-datasource插件

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grafana-cli plugins install camptocamp-prometheus-alertmanager-datasource

添加Prometheus AlertManager数据源

登录grafana，Configuration->Data sources->Add data srouces，选择Prometheus AlertManager，输入alermanager的地址

1576562623402

1576567699221

创建告警大屏

这里我已经配置好，直接导入如下json即可。当然也可以根据自己的需求自定义。

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{
  "annotations": {
    "list": [
      {
        "builtIn": 1,
        "datasource": "-- Grafana --",
        "enable": true,
        "hide": true,
        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
        "type": "dashboard"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Monitor and set alerts for all the pings to your servers using blackbox exporter and prometheus.",
  "editable": true,
  "gnetId": 5990,
  "graphTooltip": 0,
  "id": 16,
  "links": [],
  "panels": [
    {
      "collapsed": false,
      "datasource": null,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 1,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 27,
      "panels": [],
      "title": "告警记录",
      "type": "row"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": true,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "#299c46",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)"
      ],
      "datasource": "Prometheus AlertManager",
      "format": "none",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 19,
      "interval": null,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "options": {},
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "annotations": false,
          "expr": "severity=warning",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "labelSelector": "*",
          "legendFormat": "",
          "refId": "A",
          "target": "Query",
          "type": "timeserie"
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "0.1,0.9",
      "title": "警告",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "170%",
      "valueMaps": [],
      "valueName": "avg"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": true,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "#299c46",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "#C4162A"
      ],
      "datasource": "Prometheus AlertManager",
      "format": "none",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 3,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 30,
      "interval": null,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "options": {},
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "annotations": false,
          "expr": "severity=critical",
          "format": "time_series",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "labelSelector": "*",
          "legendFormat": "",
          "refId": "A",
          "target": "Query",
          "type": "timeserie"
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "0.1,0.9",
      "title": "严重",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "170%",
      "valueMaps": [],
      "valueName": "avg"
    },
    {
      "columns": [],
      "datasource": "Prometheus AlertManager",
      "fontSize": "100%",
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 11,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 4
      },
      "id": 16,
      "links": [],
      "options": {},
      "pageSize": null,
      "scroll": true,
      "showHeader": true,
      "sort": {
        "col": 6,
        "desc": true
      },
      "styles": [
        {
          "alias": "告警时间",
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "pattern": "Time",
          "type": "date"
        },
        {
          "alias": "告警名称",
          "colorMode": null,
          "colors": [
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
          ],
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "decimals": 2,
          "mappingType": 1,
          "pattern": "alertname",
          "thresholds": [],
          "type": "string",
          "unit": "short"
        },
        {
          "alias": "机房",
          "colorMode": null,
          "colors": [
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
          ],
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "decimals": 2,
          "mappingType": 1,
          "pattern": "dc",
          "thresholds": [],
          "type": "string",
          "unit": "short",
          "valueMaps": []
        },
        {
          "alias": "告警类型",
          "colorMode": null,
          "colors": [
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
          ],
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "decimals": 2,
          "mappingType": 1,
          "pattern": "job",
          "thresholds": [],
          "type": "string",
          "unit": "short"
        },
        {
          "alias": "告警明细",
          "colorMode": null,
          "colors": [
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
          ],
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "decimals": 2,
          "mappingType": 1,
          "pattern": "description",
          "thresholds": [],
          "type": "string",
          "unit": "short"
        },
        {
          "alias": "告警概要",
          "colorMode": null,
          "colors": [
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
          ],
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "decimals": 2,
          "mappingType": 1,
          "pattern": "summary",
          "thresholds": [],
          "type": "hidden",
          "unit": "short"
        },
        {
          "alias": "级别",
          "colorMode": "row",
          "colors": [
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
          ],
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "decimals": 2,
          "mappingType": 1,
          "pattern": "severity",
          "thresholds": [
            "1",
            "3"
          ],
          "type": "string",
          "unit": "short",
          "valueMaps": [
            {
              "text": "警告",
              "value": "2"
            },
            {
              "text": "严重",
              "value": "4"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "alias": "",
          "colorMode": null,
          "colors": [
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
          ],
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "decimals": 2,
          "mappingType": 1,
          "pattern": "target",
          "thresholds": [],
          "type": "hidden",
          "unit": "short"
        },
        {
          "alias": "实例",
          "colorMode": null,
          "colors": [
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
          ],
          "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
          "decimals": 2,
          "mappingType": 1,
          "pattern": "instance",
          "thresholds": [],
          "type": "string",
          "unit": "short"
        },
        {
          "alias": "",
          "colorMode": "row",
          "colors": [
            "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
            "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
            "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
          ],
          "decimals": 2,
          "pattern": "/.*/",
          "thresholds": [
            ""
          ],
          "type": "hidden",
          "unit": "short"
        }
      ],
      "targets": [
        {
          "annotations": false,
          "expr": "",
          "format": "table",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "labelSelector": "time,dc,instance,alertname,description",
          "legendFormat": "",
          "refId": "A",
          "target": "Query",
          "type": "table"
        }
      ],
      "title": "实时告警列表",
      "transform": "table",
      "type": "table"
    },
    {
      "collapsed": true,
      "datasource": null,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 1,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 15
      },
      "id": 29,
      "panels": [
        {
          "columns": [],
          "datasource": "Prometheus",
          "fontSize": "100%",
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 9,
            "w": 24,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 14
          },
          "id": 25,
          "links": [],
          "options": {},
          "pageSize": 1000,
          "scroll": true,
          "showHeader": true,
          "sort": {
            "col": 0,
            "desc": true
          },
          "styles": [
            {
              "alias": "告警时间",
              "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
              "pattern": "Time",
              "type": "date"
            },
            {
              "alias": "告警名称",
              "colorMode": null,
              "colors": [
                "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
                "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
                "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
              ],
              "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
              "decimals": 2,
              "mappingType": 1,
              "pattern": "alertname",
              "thresholds": [],
              "type": "string",
              "unit": "short"
            },
            {
              "alias": "机房",
              "colorMode": null,
              "colors": [
                "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
                "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
                "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
              ],
              "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
              "decimals": 2,
              "mappingType": 1,
              "pattern": "dc",
              "thresholds": [],
              "type": "number",
              "unit": "short"
            },
            {
              "alias": "服务器",
              "colorMode": null,
              "colors": [
                "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
                "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
                "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
              ],
              "dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
              "decimals": 2,
              "mappingType": 1,
              "pattern": "instance",
              "thresholds": [],
              "type": "number",
              "unit": "short"
            },
            {
              "alias": "",
              "colorMode": null,
              "colors": [
                "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
                "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
                "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
              ],
              "decimals": 2,
              "pattern": "/.*/",
              "thresholds": [],
              "type": "hidden",
              "unit": "short"
            }
          ],
          "targets": [
            {
              "annotations": false,
              "expr": "ALERTS{alertstate='firing'}[24h]",
              "format": "table",
              "instant": true,
              "interval": "15s",
              "intervalFactor": 1,
              "labelSelector": "*",
              "legendFormat": "",
              "refId": "A",
              "target": "Query",
              "type": "timeserie"
            }
          ],
          "title": "24小时告警历史",
          "transform": "table",
          "type": "table"
        }
      ],
      "title": "告警历史",
      "type": "row"
    }
  ],
  "refresh": "30s",
  "schemaVersion": 20,
  "style": "dark",
  "tags": [],
  "templating": {
    "list": []
  },
  "time": {
    "from": "now-24h",
    "to": "now"
  },
  "timepicker": {
    "refresh_intervals": [
      "5s",
      "10s",
      "30s",
      "1m",
      "5m",
      "15m",
      "30m",
      "1h",
      "2h",
      "1d"
    ],
    "time_options": [
      "5m",
      "15m",
      "1h",
      "6h",
      "12h",
      "24h",
      "2d",
      "7d",
      "30d"
    ]
  },
  "timezone": "",
  "title": "Alerts",
  "uid": "pbHjqZzmk",
  "version": 10
}

1576562665216

告警大屏

说明

  1. 主要由告警记录及实时告警列表组成
  2. 告警记录包含当前普通警告及严重告警的数量，告警列表展示所有告警的详细信息
  3. 普通告警背景为黄色，严重告警背景为红色

1576575477285

资料

Prometheus 入门与实践
Prometheus 实战
camptocamp-prometheus-alertmanager-datasource

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